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COVER EXPLANATION.—This paper focuses on the petrography, sedimentology, and geochemistry of recent and superficial microbial mats from Lagoa Vermelha (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). This multi-method study shows the areas in the microbial matrix that have been degraded and calcified through bacterial metabolism. The displacement of matrix by biologically induced carbonate growth and siliciclastic grains can be observed. In addition, chemical analysis shows the concentration of magnesium and silica in the matrix with the absence of Mg-clay minerals. Furthermore, the chemical composition of each layer of the mat provides information on the physicochemical parameters of the lagoon. See Guedes et al., this issue.
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